Is photobiomodulation dangerous?
Photobiomodulation is generally well tolerated by the body. However, certain precautions should be taken, and it is important to be aware of the rare contraindications. Here is everything you need to know to practice safely.
Major contraindications
Extreme photosensitivity
Some people have an increased sensitivity to visible light (pathological photophobia). In such cases, PBM should be avoided or performed under strict medical supervision.
Active skin conditions
- Photodermatitis: actinic dermatitis or phototoxic reactions
- Mild summer lucitis: sun allergy
- Certain types of cutaneous porphyria: risk of worsening
Active or suspected skin cancer
Before starting PBM, a dermatological evaluation is required. The light must not be used on an area that has not been confirmed to be benign.
Precautions for at-risk groups
Pregnancy
As a precaution, it is recommended to avoid deep tissue massage on the abdomen, lower back, and lower belly during pregnancy. Deep tissue massage limited to the face or limbs may be performed, but only under medical supervision.
Breastfeeding
There are no absolute contraindications, but the same precautions apply.
Children and adolescents
PBM is generally safe for children. However:
- A child's skin is more sensitive to light exposure.
- Doses should be reduced by 30 to 50 percent.
- Parental and medical consent is recommended.
Seniors
There are no age restrictions. However:
- Some photosensitizing medications are more common (see below).
- A gradual dose (starting low and increasing gradually) is recommended.
Photosensitizing medications
Some medications can increase sensitivity to light. If you are taking any of these, consult your healthcare provider before undergoing PBM treatment.
List (not exhaustive):
- Tetracyclines (antibiotics): doxycycline, minocycline
- Fluoroquinolones (antibiotics)
- NSAIDs: ibuprofen, naproxen (some may cause photosensitivity)
- Corticosteroids (topical or systemic)
- Ethinylestradiol (oral contraceptives)
- Certain antihistamines
- Retinoids (isotretinoin, tretinoin)
- Hypericin (St. John's wort)
👉 Tip: Consult your pharmacist or doctor before your session if you take medication regularly. The list above is not exhaustive.
Medical conditions requiring caution
Ocular photosensitivity
- Cataphasies
- Retinal Diseases (Age-Related Macular Degeneration - AMD)
- Retinitis pigmentosa
If you have any of these conditions, PBM should be avoided around the eyes. Application away from the eye area may be safe.
Photosensitive epilepsy
Although rare,photosensitive epilepsy is a contraindication for PBM. Flickering lights can trigger seizures.
Certain cancers
For people with active cancer or a history of photosensitive cancer, a medical consultation is essential. In general:
- Photobiomodulation at doses higher than therapeutic levels can stimulate cell growth (paradoxical effect).
- Medical supervision is essential.
Precautions for use
Sun-sensitive or inflamed skin
- If you have a recent sunburn, wait at least 48 hours before the PBM.
- If you have dermatitis or inflamed skin, reduce the duration and intensity.
Devices with laser diodes
Most LED devices are safe, but some unregulated or improperly calibrated lasers can cause injury. Always use devices that are CE-certified (for medical use) or meet safety standards.
Eye protection
- If you are using PBM near your eyes, wear appropriate safety goggles.
What is NOT a contraindication
Dark skin or tattooed skin
- PBM is safe for dark skin and can be just as effective.
- On tattooed skin: there are no contraindications, but a gradual increase in dosage is recommended (due to reduced absorption).
Metal implants
- Implants (such as piercings and pacemakers, but not magnetic stimulators) are not affected by LED light.
- PBM is safe when used with standard implants.
Large area (for non-abdominal areas)
As mentioned above, PBM applied to the face or limbs is generally safe during pregnancy. Only the abdominal area requires caution.
Make an informed decision
Before starting the PBM:
- Consult your doctor or dermatologist if you have a skin condition or a medical history of acne.
- Tell your PBM practitioner about all the medications you are taking (whether they are photosensitizing or not).
- Request a trial treatment: a short initial session using a low dose to check your reaction.
- Please report any discomfort, unusual redness, or reaction immediately during or after the session.
FAQ
Can PBM cause burns?
No. Unlike inadequately regulated lasers or UV lamps, LED PBM does not have enough energy to cause thermal burns.
Can you undergo PBM after a Botox or hyaluronic acid injection?
Yes, but wait 24–48 hours after the injection to allow the products to stabilize. After that, PBM can accelerate regeneration and enhance the results.
Is there an age limit for PBM?
No. PBM is suitable for children, adults, and the elderly. Only the doses need to be adjusted according to age and sensitivity.
Scientific sources cited
- Hamblin, M.R. (2017). Mechanisms and doses for photobiomodulation therapy.
Link to the study
→ Comprehensive guide to safe doses and potential adverse effects. - De Freitas L.F., Hamblin M.R. (2016). Mechanisms of photobiomodulation therapy.
Link to the study
→ A systematic review of mechanisms, efficacy, and safety. - Avci P. et al. (2013). Low-level laser therapy and photobiomodulation in the skin: mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications.
Link to the study
→ Evidence-based review of adverse effects and safety considerations.
See also
Our guides
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